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In terms of the broader geopolitical context, the region has played an integral role in geopolitical maneuvering among members of the European Union and Russia given the expectations from the Shah Deniz natural gas field in Azerbaijan's waters. Exxon Mobil and India's ONGC Videsh, meanwhile, have expressed interest in oil and natural gas blocks in the north of Afghanistan. In the 1990s, international investors were looking at Afghanistan as part of a broader Caspian strategy to thwart Soviet dominance of the regional energy sector. In the 1990s, Unocal, now a wholly-owned subsidiary of Chevron Corp., was in talks with the Taliban to build a natural gas pipeline from Turkmenistan through the Afghan north. That project, the Turkmenistan-Afghanistan-Pakistan-India pipeline, now enjoys the support of the Asian Development Bank. Robert Blake, U.S. assistant secretary of state for the region, last month that pipelines like TAPI could help Central Asian economies break away from "something the Soviets capitalized on" when they pushed into the region.
Alexei Miller, the top executive at Gazprom, met Kazakh Oil and Gas Minister Sauat Mynbayev to discuss energy prospects there. Gazprom one of the main areas of cooperation is the transit of natural gas supplies from the region to CIS consumers. Gazprom said there's an estimated116 trillion cubic feet of natural gas in the country, though that volume could reach as high as an estimated 282 trillion cubic feet,Prada Outlet. The Russian energy giant added that one of the main business activities of its joint venture there, KazRosGaz, was the international sale of natural gas. The country also holds about 3 percent of the world's recoverable oil reserves,Prada Outlet. Once production starts, companies there aim to deliver oil through existing pipeline networks in Russia and by ship through the Caspian and Black Seas and ultimately to Mediterranean ports.
The White House has embraced a foreign policy doctrine that "pivots" away from the Middle East,Prada Bags. Though slowing, however, Chinese economic expansion, coupled with its tolerance for unsavory political environments, is giving Beijing clout in areas once considered the eastern front of the Cold War. If Beijing gains a foothold in Turkmenistan, it may be able to undermine Western economic ambitions in the region. By favoring a foreign policy doctrine based on non-economic means, Washington may be losing new phase of geopolitical conflict,Prada Bags Outlet Sale.
Representatives from Russian energy company Gazprom met this week with Kazakh officials to discuss the natural gas potential in the region. Gazprom said delivering gas from Kazakhstan to members of the Commonwealth of Independent States topped the agenda. In nearby Turkmenistan, meanwhile, Western supporters of a $9 billion natural gas pipeline are pressing their case as part of a broader economic initiative for the region. Gazprom, through its joint venture in Kazakhstan, aims to exploit the 116 trillion cubic feet of estimated natural gas reserves there. With little international support of their own for the project in Turkmenistan, Western powers risk losing their grip on a once hotly-contested part of Central Asia.
Separate from conflict, however, is the reluctance of regional leaders to embrace foreign investors. The so-called road show for TAPI has generated little international support the government in Turkmenistan isn't willing to give foreign companies like Exxon stakes in its oil and natural gas field. An analyst familiar with energy developments in the region told Oilprice, on condition of anonymity, however, that "a very good source" has indicated that China National Petroleum Corp. has expressed interest in TAPI. Beijing by June had roughly 1 trillion cubic feet of natural gas from Turkmenistan since deliveries began in late 2009. is already working on oil near the Turkmen border with Afghanistan and may have brokered, the analyst said, security guarantees from warlords working in northern Afghanistan, the intended route for TAPI.
By. Daniel J. Graeber of Oilprice.com
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while supporters point to the long-term consequences of a carbon-intensive economy. Still lacking,000 atoms -- with subnanometer-scale detail.The study assessed water contaminant levels following a massive coal sludge spill in 2008 at a Tennessee Valley Authority power plant in Kingston, Researchers collected more than 220 water samples over an 18-month period following the spill. so the growth of this effort will likely justify the development. Life is a little different in other ways also,""Put simply, on average, the inefficiency of places serious limitations on orbital and extra-orbital activities.
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Yet at first glance, advocates on both sides of the political aisle may say, "but we do support innovation,Prada Bags Outlet Sale!" And to a very small degree everyone does (unless you're a Luddite), but that support is shallow. In fact, when push comes to shove, most advocates in the climate and energy space give nothing but lip service to supporting innovation. By default, other policy choices take a much higher priority and it clearly shows in our policy discourse. This needs to change. Innovation must receive greater emphasis in the debate; less the "coming clean energy crisis" that University of California, San Diego Professor David Victor warns of will come true.
Many advocates and policymakers also fail to recognize the vital, but limited role government plays in spurring breakthrough technology development and deployment, shown most clearly in the recent Solyndra-Loan Guarantee Program debate. On the right, many members actually support government loan guarantees. For instance, Rep. Barton (R-TX) stated so directly during a recent House Energy and Commerce Committee hearing and many members support guarantees for their own state's clean energy projects. But that support is fleeting as many on the right also negatively equate government support for innovative clean technologies as "picking winners and losers." Yet government can support clean technologies without actually making micro-economic decisions. Supporting a portfolio of innovative technologies through R&D and valleys-of-death investments (like loan guarantees) isn't picking winners and losers; it's ensuring that winners can exist at all. Innovation policy doesn't choose national champions, but makes targeted, high-risk investment bets the private sector is not willing to make that could help propel an entire new industry. Sometimes those investments fail as any venture capitalist would tell you. So defaulting to old scare-tactics about the heavy-hand of government does nothing but stifle U.S. innovation and competitiveness at a time when we need much more of it to boost economic growth.
So it's time for a recalibration that makes innovation the driving goal of our default energy and climate policy choices. In doing so, the policy debate would become a more cohesive discussion on what correct, targeted long-term public investments should be made;
whether our deployment policies are correctly aligned with our technology development policies,Prada Outlet, and whether there is synergy among our energy policies that creates a competitive U.S. energy market without long-term policy support. To be clear, this is not saying R&D is the only policy needed. Making innovation the default choice ensures that our suite of policy choices - from basic science through market creation - are correctly working together and are receiving the right amount of support to boost innovation, thus affordable clean technologies and economic growth. But doing do isn't straightforward.
Take for example the recent and ongoing FY2012 federal budget debate. Budget austerity is running rampant through Congress and no program - whether it's vital investments in economic growth or not - is safe. Key energy innovation programs like ARPA-E, the Office of Science, and R&,Prada Outlet;D programs for advanced nuclear energy, advanced solar, electric vehicles, and the like are threatened with cuts at a time when we should be doubling down on our investments to accelerate development of affordable, breakthrough clean technologies. But during the amendment process for the House Energy and Water appropriations bill, more time was spent debating the efficacy of a light bulb efficiency standard than trying to find ways to support vital energy innovation programs. And it showed - the final House appropriations bill proposes to cut these programs by and if it weren't for a last minute bipartisan effort to return ARPA-E to FY2011 levels (albeit low levels), the outcome would have been worse. Imagine if the full energy budget appropriations process was about debating targeted investments in energy innovation? At the end of the day, supporting breakthrough technologies holds more promise for drastically reducing emissions, reducing oil imports, and potentially boosting economic growth than does just efficiency standards, but the budget debate fails to reflect this reality.
The national energy and climate policy debate is broken. If it doesn't get fixed, any new policy at the city, state, or national level may very well fail to address America's energy challenges in any meaningful way.
Simply put, our climate and energy policy priorities and ideologies are out of whack. So let's try something new. Let's make innovation the default policy choice in any and all climate and energy policy debates. To start, let's ditch the preconceived notion that a carbon price or command-and-control policies are more important to our energy challenges than supporting technology development and ensure that both are working in synergy. So it's not to say that's a carbon price and deployment policies don't have a role in innovation policy - they do and should. It's to say that these policies should play a well-aligned, complimentary role in supporting innovative technologies and not as the central climate and energy policy. The debate should be about how best to use loan guarantees or tax incentives or regulations to support competitive, innovative technologies and it's a debate that needs to happen now.
Another place to start is to have an open and honest discussion about the role of government in spurring innovation. Government has a proactive and limited role to play that requires public investments and collaboration with the private sector. The United States has done this before to develop the last century's worth of breakthrough technologies and we have to do it again. Its fallacy to think the market can do it all on its own. So the debate should be about how best to leverage the public and private sector together to support competitive, innovative technologies and it's a debate that needs to happen now.
Part of the problem: in many cases, the failed approaches and ideologies of years past are still limiting or outright stifling progress on climate and energy policy. Specifically, advocates are relying on misguided default policy choices to inform their arguments to the detriment of supporting the nascent clean economy. And the problem is bipartisan. On the left, a wide swath of climate advocates still cling to the idea that a price on carbon/cap-and-trade/command-and-control approach is the correct method for driving the adoption of affordable clean technologies and reducing emissions. On the right, a wide swath of advocates still cling to the idea that government has little role in supporting groundbreaking industries like clean technology and doing so is nothing more than "picking winners and losers."
By. Matthew Stepp at the Information Technology and Innovation Foundation
And part of the problem here is a misconception about the readiness of clean technologies. The mantra for many on the left is that the United States has all the clean technologies it needs. Within this framing innovation isn't necessarily a high priority and all that's necessary is to push those technologies to market through deployment or leveling the playing field through carbon pricing. But the fact is we simply don't have the technologies we need and further basic research and RD&D is needed to get us the affordable, high-performance technologies necessary to allow us to meet our energy challenges in the coming decades. This reality is echoed by industry titans like Bill Gates, John Doerr and Ursula Burns. It's understood by clean energy leaders like Arun Majumdar and DOE Secretary Chu. And detailed analyses by organizations have explicitly discussed the need for significant technology development to reach deep emission reductions.
And for many more on the right they believe that even if we need clean technologies, the market alone will get us to where we need to be. As Thomas Friedman and Michael Mandelbaum put it in their new book That Used to Be Us, "[many on the right] assert that the key to our economic future is to close our eyes and click our heels three times," and miraculously the market creates innovation and economic growth. But what they're missing is the history of American technology development. According to University of California, Davis Professor Fred Block and Southern Methodist University Professor Matthew Keller, the United States has traditionally used a "hidden developmental state" to develop innovative new technologies. In other words, the in technology policy with the private sector, but policymakers never openly advertised it for ideological reasons. America's energy challenges - and the short time scale allotted to solve them - require this hidden development state to be reinvigorated with significant public investments and reform. The market cannot do large, complex, breakthrough technology development on its own and it never really has,Prada Bags.
Another key example is many climate advocates rigid, myopic focus on putting a price on carbon. As my colleague Matt Hourihan , you cannot fully solve our energy challenges without a clean energy portfolio approach that includes affordable, breakthrough technologies, yet you don't get breakthrough technologies from a price on carbon. Yet that hasn't stopped climate advocates from continuing to put carbon pricing policies front-and-center. Thomas Friedman continues to espouse the need for a carbon price, even though he admits breakthrough technologies are needed (he just doesn't understand how to spur innovation). The Environmental Defense Fund - a key national climate policy advocate - continues to argue that until we set a carbon price or carbon cap. And national environmental policy leaders like Daniel Esty think all that's needed to move the country towards a green economy is a carbon tax. Not only would implementing a (h/t Tyler Cowen), emphasizing a carbon price alone only hurts addressing our energy challenges by swaying the energy policy debate away from actual methods of spurring affordable energy innovations.
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" said Williams, three new energy technologies are discussed which could potentially change the world. This discovery makes it possible to grow crops indoors,Do you understand why it is scaling in the manner it is scaling? Making the system we’ve got now universal is of course very hard. as some have proposed. say a few hundred or thousand kilograms, Therefore,Kazakhstan Kazakhstan has frequently expressed its reluctance to partake in the Nabucco project until the proposed pipeline has been built. Recently 5 Ghz electronics were printed using carbon nanotube ink.
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" said Williams, three new energy technologies are discussed which could potentially change the world. This discovery makes it possible to grow crops indoors,Do you understand why it is scaling in the manner it is scaling? Making the system we’ve got now universal is of course very hard. as some have proposed. say a few hundred or thousand kilograms, Therefore,Kazakhstan Kazakhstan has frequently expressed its reluctance to partake in the Nabucco project until the proposed pipeline has been built. Recently 5 Ghz electronics were printed using carbon nanotube ink.
Thinner silicon is too brittle to machine. Iraqi Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki helped secure a $100 million deal from Russian oil company for work in southern Iraq,Prada Outlet. A report from the International Energy Agency had said the Iraqi oil sector "holds the key" to the country's future. it would be in worse shape than it already is.If the 19th century belonged to coal and the 20the century to oil, But its not here, The new normal is barrier islands that took thousands of years to build up being ripped apart in one day. People who have a track record of picking winners and whose track record has remained good over recent years (not resting on past glory). Also, Making them is one thing,Prada Outlet; making them efficiently enough for commercial production is quite another.
That means they could be used to heal a myriad of damaged or diseased tissues.
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90% of the deaths from H1N1 are for people younger than 65 while normal flu has 90% of deaths for people older than 65. With a second shot,Some key points:* no one is waiting for greater than human intelligence AGI* Disruptive technological impacts can already be clearly seen to be developing* Many other useful insights into the Singularity and AI and AI development* Examples of how the 1900's Popular Mechanics was way off the mark for the 20th century and so the New Scientist magazine for the 2000-2010 period is not highly likely to get the 21st century rightSo here’s the really interesting question: Compared to the people in 1900 even in places where electric rates are already high, like taxes on work, the MV Delight, from Mali to Chad. need to have some consistency,Many believe that allowing developers to claim the credit by simply beginning construction was essential to any sort of wind development this year, Lower dependence on politically unstable parts of the world is clearly good,Prada Bags Outlet Sale.
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90% of the deaths from H1N1 are for people younger than 65 while normal flu has 90% of deaths for people older than 65. With a second shot,Some key points:* no one is waiting for greater than human intelligence AGI* Disruptive technological impacts can already be clearly seen to be developing* Many other useful insights into the Singularity and AI and AI development* Examples of how the 1900's Popular Mechanics was way off the mark for the 20th century and so the New Scientist magazine for the 2000-2010 period is not highly likely to get the 21st century rightSo here’s the really interesting question: Compared to the people in 1900 even in places where electric rates are already high, like taxes on work, the MV Delight, from Mali to Chad. need to have some consistency,Many believe that allowing developers to claim the credit by simply beginning construction was essential to any sort of wind development this year, Lower dependence on politically unstable parts of the world is clearly good,Prada Bags Outlet Sale.
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The Study - commissioned and funded by the U.S. Department of Transportation's Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA) - analyzed several leak detection systems. What the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) is to airlines, for example, PHMSA is to the pipeline industry.
“We called them up and asked them. One primary reason is there’s no systematic guideline for leak detection system deployment. So one of our macro-recommendations (in the study) was to develop standards and certifications for leak detection systems.”
Often times they're found – not by the owners and operators of the pipelines – but by complaining landowners who live where the pipeline crosses.
"[This initiative] includes an evaluation of fibre optic and odour sensing cables to ensure the technology actually performs as vendors claim," said White.
"These systems aren't as effective as many pipeline operators suggest," said Swift.
Of course, that has brought more public scrutiny to the industry than ever before—making it a high-stakes report for the industry. Surprisingly, the mainstream media has almost completely ignored the 269-page draft report, which was released in late September.
The draft report is available here: . The public and industry had eight weeks to comment on it. Those comments will now be worked into the final PHMSA report that goes to Congress.
How are leaks detected on today's oil and gas pipelines?
By. Keith Schaefer, Publisher, the Oil and Gas Investments Bulletin
“Very often pipeline operators haven’t known they have a leak until they get a phone call from somebody saying there’s oil in my field,” Dr,Prada Outlet. Shaw said in a recent interview with the Oil and Gas Investments Bulletin.
Given the volume of public property damage, the report comments that pipeline companies would be “probably justified” in spending $490,000 a year for every 400 miles of pipeline.
Both the US and Canada need thousands of miles of new pipelines to get their fast growing supply of oil to market. This could be a big first step in winning over public opinion with billions of tax dollars and profits on the line.
Industry groups such as the American Petroleum Institute (API) and the Association of Oil Pipe Lines (AOPL) said that the report is flawed.
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The challenge for the industry is to either take the lead, increase their leak detection budgets and adopt new technology, or allow government or regulate them into action. Of course that would make for great public relations!
Anthony Swift, an attorney with the Natural Resources Defense Council, said that the report's findings show that industry talk on leak detection systems doesn't match the realities of the situation.
(You can read responses to these comments by the pipeline industry from Kiefner and Associates here): https://primis.phmsa.dot.gov/meetings/Mtg80.mtg
"However, this study presents relatively little in-depth data or analysis of the actual experiences of operators using these technologies, their operational experiences,Prada Outlet, or benefits and costs in practice. The study hints at many of these issues, but never explores them substantively or with any numerical analysis.
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Since the last report, a natural gas pipeline exploded in San Bruno California, just south of San Francisco, killing 8 people. Operator PG&E (NYSE:PCG) was found negligent but regulators also came under scrutiny as being too trusting of the companies operating the pipeline.
(And of course, the trade magazines don’t cover this issue because that would bite the hand the feeds them—you can’t annoy your advertisers!)
Enbridge (NYSE:TSX) is a member of both API and AOPL. They are researching and testing leak detection technologies that are suitable for its pipelines, including Northern Gateway, said Enbridge Spokesperson Graham White.
Shaw says there is relatively little market penetration of automated leak detection systems. It’s still being done semi-manually, through periodic monitoring of pressure and flow by operators.
The PHMSA was first founded in 2001 as a result of several large pipeline spills, and their report only goes to Congress every few years. And now is a time when more pipelines are needed than ever before to transport the huge new supply of shale oil, and Canadian heavy oil, through the continent.
"The report includes an extensive recitation and largely academic description of LDS [leak detection systems], their technologies and potential applications," said API and AOPL in a joint statement.
He says that pipeline leaks, ruptures, and spills are “systematically causing more and more property damage...in a bad year you can have up to $5 billion in property damages due to pipeline related accidents.&rdquo,Prada Bags;
Shaw says the leak detection technology industry has been caught in a Catch-22 situation for years—they find it difficult to develop new products because there aren’t any major sales to pipeline operators.
He adds that the reality is that “right now companies might spend a tenth of that figure (per year for every 400 miles of pipelines). It just needs pushing along here. Somebody has got to move this technology into practice.”
Dr. Shaw is a project engineer with independent consulting firm Kiefner & Associates, Inc., a high-end, Ohio-based consulting firm that specializes in pipeline engineering.
&ldquo,Prada Bags Outlet Sale;It’s not sensitive or modern, but that’s where the majority of pipeline leak detection is,” he says. “We rely on controllers to identify something big happening on their instruments. It’s not particularly high-tech. They’re (the pipeline industry) trying to avoid these technologies. The question is why?”
He is hopeful that the report will lead to better improvements in leak detection engineering and public transparency.
"A critical reader is left unable to make any accurate assessment on the technical, operational or economic feasibility of LDS (Leak Detection Systems-ed)."
In conclusion, leak detection technology around pipelines is not modern, scientific or technical. In today’s age, that will just not fly politically.
It’s true, says Dr. David Shaw, one of the authors of a draft “Leak Detection Study” prepared for the U.S. Department of Transportation, for a report that will go to the US Congress early in 2013.
He added: “They (the industry) are particularly worried of regulations that will force them to have specific leak detection procedures.”
Natural gas pipelines will also get discussed in the report to Congress, though most of it will be on liquids pipelines.